Abstract To solve climate change and to achieve the “2050 carbon neutrality,” fusion energy has to contribute to the power grid as soon as possible. Nonetheless, DEMO reactor concepts proposed so far were focused on producing 1 GW electricity with the best plasma performances and a very effective power conversion rate deduced by simple 0D/1D system codes. There are open questions and issues about how fusion energy would contribute to the electricity market timely. This paper asks questions and

Abstract We investigate the growth and electronic properties of the Sn sheets on Cd(0001) with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that both the first and second layer of Sn reveal the epitaxial growth with a 1 × 1 commensurate lattice. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STS) measurements indicate the Sn monolayer exhibits a metallic behavior. DFT calculations indicate that all the Sn atoms in the first Sn layer occupy

Abstract Lattice calculations of the proton spin components is reviewed. The lattice results of the quark spin from the axial-vector current matrix element at ∼ 0.3−0.4 is smaller than those from the constituent quark models. This is largely due to the fact that the vacuum polarization contribution from the disconnected insertion is negative. Its connection with the anomalous Ward identity is clarified and verified numerically. This resolves the contentious issue in the “proton spin crisis.” Th

Abstract We obtain the perfect NOT transformation criteria, two necessary and sufficient conditions for realizing a perfect NOT transformation on a quantum state set S of a qubit. Furthermore, we discuss a probabilistic perfect NOT transformation when there is no perfect NOT transformation on a state set S. We also generalize the perfect NOT transformation to the conjugate transformation in the multi-level quantum system and a lower bound of the best possible efficiencies attained by a probabil

Abstract Muons, which were discovered in the 1930s and first generated using an accelerator half a century after their discovery, are now widely used in several scientific fields such as particle physics and material science. Recent advancements in cooling techniques have reduced the phase-space volume of muon beams and driven the effort to realize muon acceleration, which has now been demonstrated for the first time. This paper reviews the current state of muon cooling and acceleration technol

Abstract The compact neutron emission spectrometer (CNES) having a tangential sightline was installed to observe a significant Doppler shift of the neutron energy due to the high-energy tangential neutral beam (NB) injections in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for understanding of the energy distribution of fast-ion. The CNES is based on a 1-inch diameter and 1-inch height EJ301 liquid scintillator coupled with a conventional 1-inch photomultiplier tube. The histogram of the integrated pulse sig

Abstract Quantum machine learning is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. We propose a quantum convolutional neural network(QCNN) inspired by convolutional neural networks (CNN), which greatly reduces the computing complexity compared with its classical counterparts, with O((log2M)6) basic gates and O(m2+e) variational parameters, where M is the input data size, m is the filter mask size, and e is the number of parameter

Report on the 47th AAPPS Video Council Meeting AAPPS The 47th Council Meeting of the Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS) was held online from 2:00 p.m. to 5:47 p.m. (UTC+9h) on December 18, 2021, via a Zoom session hosted by the Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP). The participants were Jun'ichi Yokoyama (president), Hyoung Joon Choi (vice president), Nobuko Naka (secretary), Keun-Young Kim (treasurer), Gui-Lu Long (ex officio member as a former president), an